OKLAHOMAN "BACK TO AFRICA" MOVEMENT (LIBERIA.) African Steampship Co. Small advertising flyer listing ports serviced in Africa and rates for steerage. With a receipt for partial payment for a voyage. Together, 2 pieces. 8vo and small oblong 12mo; some chipping at edges on both, without loss; both mounted and framed together. New York, 1898
A scarce pair of ephemeral pieces from the "back to Africa" movement of the 19th century. The receipt is for a woman leaving from Oklahoma. Early efforts of Colonization Societies were generally a failure, largely because they were the tools of those who did not favor emancipation. There arose, however, several movements within the Black community advocating African emigation in anticipation of Garvey's UNIA. Two of these were notably in Oklahoma where the present receipt originated, " . . . a group of 18 Blacks . . . set out for Liberia in 1898. The following year two special coaches on the Santa Fe railway brought one hundred Black peope from Guthrie and others points to Oklahoma City. The Black migrant left for New York via rail where a ship awaited them" - Arthur Tolson, Black Oklahomans, a History, pages 94-5.
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