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Turing, Alan (1912-1954) Computing, Machinery, and Intelligence, published in Mind: a Quarterly Review of Psychology and Philosophy.
Edinburgh: Thomas Nelson & Sons, Ltd., 1950, Vol. LIX, No. 236, October 1950.
First edition of Turing's essays posing the question, "Can machines think?"; limp octavo-format, the complete journal in publisher's printed paper wrappers, with Turing's piece the first to appear in the journal, occupying pages 433-460; (wrappers chipped, tearing to spine panel, first few leaves loose, one leaf of the article with minor gutter tear; 8 1/2 x 5 1/2 in.
With his interest in machine learning, Turing describes a three-person party game in the present essay that he calls the imitation game. Also known as the Turing test, its aim was to gauge a computer's capacity to interact intelligently through questions posed by a human. Passing the Turing test is achieved when the human questioner is convinced that they are conversing by text with another human. In 2025, many iterations of AI pass this test.
